• Cognitive deficits
• Coma
• Confusion
• Shortened attention span
• Memory problems and amnesia
• Problem-solving deficits
• Problems with judgment
• Inability to understand abstract concepts
• Loss of sense of time and space
• Decreased awareness of self and others
• Inability to accept more than one- or two-step commands at the same time
• Motor deficits
• Paralysis or weakness
• Spasticity (tightening and shortening of the muscles)
• Poor balance
• Decreased endurance
• Inability to plan motor movements
• Delays in getting started
• Tremors
• Swallowing problems
• Poor coordination
• Perceptual or sensory deficits
• Changes in hearing, vision, taste, smell, and touch
• Loss of sensation or heightened sensation of body parts
• Left- or right-sided neglect
• Difficulty understanding where limbs are in relation to the body
• Vision problems, including double vision, lack of visual acuity, or limited range of vision
• Communication and language deficits
• Difficulty speaking and understanding speech (aphasia)
• Difficulty choosing the right words to say (aphasia)
• Difficulty reading (alexia) or writing (agraphia)
• Difficulty knowing how to perform certain very common actions, like brushing one’s teeth (apraxia)
• Slow, hesitant speech and decreased vocabulary
• Difficulty forming sentences that make sense
• Problems identifying objects and their function
• Problems with reading, writing, and ability to work with numbers
• Functional deficits
• Impaired ability with activities of daily living (ADLs), such as dressing, bathing, and eating
• Problems with organization, shopping, or paying bills
• Inability to drive a car or operate machinery
• Social difficulties
• Impaired social capacity resulting in difficult interpersonal relationships
• Difficulties in making and keeping friends
• Difficulties understanding and responding to the nuances of social interaction
• Regulatory disturbances
• Fatigue
• Changes in sleep patterns and eating habits
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Loss of bowel and bladder control
• Personality or psychiatric changes
• Apathy
• Decreased motivation
• Emotional lability
• Irritability
• Anxiety and depression
• Disinhibition, including temper flare-ups, aggression, cursing, lowered frustration tolerance.